Sidewalk canopy



Dec. 11, 1962 R. HENATSCH SIDEWALK CANOPY 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed June19, 1953 INVENTOR.

REYNOLD HENATSCH Dec. 1 1, 1962 R. HENATSCH SIDEWALK CANOPY 5Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed June 19, 1953 &

Nh/ Mm INVENTOR.

REYNO D HENATSCH Dec. 11, 1962 R. HENATSCH SIDEWALK CANOPY 5Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed June 19, 1953 INVENTOR.

'REYNOLD HENATSCH BY 04/ Dec. 11, 1962 R. HENATSCH SIDEWALK CANOPY 5sheets-sheet 4 Filed June 19, 1955 INVENTOR.

REYNOLD HENATSCH Dec. 11, 1962 R. HENATSCH SIDEWALK CANOPY 5Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed June 19, 1953 +2 ob E NNQE INVENTOR.

REYNOLD HENATSCH have it stored in some remote place.

Ti assists Patented Dec. 11, 1962 3,067,823 SIDEWALK CANGPY ReynoldHenatsch, 301' 'E. 61st St, New York, NIY. Filed June 19, 1953, Ser. No.362,783 11 Claims. (Cl. 16tl3 2) This invention relates to sidewalkcanopies for buildings and has for its principal object the provision ofa novel canopy which can be quickly retracted into a storage opening ina frame or housing located above the door opening and which can also bequickly moved to extended position for use during inclement weather.

Among the many novel features of the present invention, in its severalembodiments illustrated herein, there are two basic features, whichdepart completely from the prior art, namely, in providing means forstoring the canopy in an area directly over the building entrance, and astructure for ejecting and retracting the complete canopy unit directlyfrom and into this area by means of a movable beam of cantilever-likeconstruction.

Many of the better restaurants, apartment buildings and other structuresare provided with canopies for the convenience of the patrons andtenants during periods of rain and snow but local ordinances in mostcities require these canopies to be folded back or completely removedwhen the weather is fair, with appropriate fines for violations.

As a result, unless the owner is willing to risk the penalty fornon-compliance with the law, he is required to dismantle the entirecanopy, including the framework, and This requires the efforts ofseveral workmen, with resulting commotion and inconvenience at theentrance. If the canopies are left out the year round, they becomemis-shapen, faded, dirty and torn, detracting from the appearance of thebuilding and becoming a fire hazard in dry weather.

An important object of the present invention is to provide an improvedcanopy which can be wholly retracted into the building in a matter ofseconds, especially if the unit is motor driven. The small amount ofstorage space required is normally not used for any other purpose. Itcan be easily provided for in the design of a new building, but spacecan also be provided in most types of buildings already constructed,without requiring extensive alterations or remodeling of the entrance.

Another object of the invention is to provide a temporary canopy whichcan be quickly retracted, frame and all, and thus eliminate the hazardof injury caused by the vertical pipes which support the outer ends ofthe usual frame. The canopy of the present invention employs suchvertical supports but these are hinged at the outer end of theretractible structure and are moved along with the telescopic elements,into the housing disposed within the building when the canopy isretracted.

Yet another object of the invention is to provide a manually driven or amotor-driven assembly controlled by a simple two-pole switch and thuseliminate the use of workmen for the task.

A further object is to provide a canopy that can be formed entirely ofdurable fire-proof materials, but canvas may be used for the covering ifdesired. Because this canopy can be so easily retracted into storageposition, the fire hazard of dry canvas is eliminated. Because the basicfeatures are so flexible this canopy can become a well-designednecessary adjunct to a building, rather than a make-shift addition puttogether and erected as an afterthought.

FIGURES 1 through 15 are submitted to show one complete installation indetail. FIGURES 16 through 27 illustrate some of the varieties of designthat are possible within the scope of what is claimed without departingfrom the spirit of the invention.

In the drawings:

PEG. 1 is a perspective View of a canopy embodying the presentinvention, shown in fully extended position across a sidewalk, portionsbeing cut away to show internal supporting structure;

FIG. 2 is similar to FIG. 1 but shows the canopy in partially retractedposition;

PEG. 3 shows a building entrance with the canopy in fully retractedposition, entirely concealed from view;

PEG. 4 is a side elevation, partially broken away, of the supportingbeam structure in extended position, the canopy sections being absent;

PEG. 5 is an end elevation of the power driven cable drum for moving thebeams to extended and retracted positions;

FIG. 6 is similar to FIG. 4 but showing the beam structure in retractedposition;

PEG. 7 is similar to FIG. 5 but showing the retracting cable wound onthe drum;

FIG. 8 is an exploded view of the several beams;

FIG. 9 is an exploded diagrammatic view in perspective showing the cableand pulley arrangement for extending the beams;

FIG. 10 is a perspective view from the rear showing the beams asextended;

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of the entire canopy unit including theframe and showing the canopy unit with the canopy sections extended;

FiG. 12 is a perspective view of the entire canopy unit with the canopysections fully retracted;

FIG. 13 is a broken perspective view of the frame with the canopysections completely removed;

FiG. i4 is an exploded view showing how moistureproofing is accomplishedwhere roof sections overlap;

FIG. 15 is a broken perspective view from below of the forward sectionof the extended canopy section;

H6. 16 is a side elevation of a modified beam structure showing how thecanopy can be moved to extended and retracted position by the use ofracks and pinions as well as by cables and pulleys;

FIG. 17 is an enlarged detailed view showing the beam sections almostretracted, the view also showing the use of manual means for moving thebeam;

FIG. 18 is a front elevation of the beam structure showing the beamsections fully retracted;

FIG. 19 is a side elevation of a beam structure in extended position,suitable for an installation where ample storage space is readilyavailable;

FlG. 20 is a side elevation showing the entire canopy retracted intostorage space;

PEG. 21 is a cross-section showing an arch-shaped roof adequately bracedand supported by a simplified beam structure;

MG. 22 is a side elevation of a beam structure suitable for installationwhere a shorter storage space is available;

FIG. 23 shows the entire unit retracted into storage position;

FIG. 24 is a side elevation of the beam structure shown in FIG. 19adapted for use with a canvas covering;

FIG. 25 is a side elavation showing the entire unit in storage position,the front rigidly shaped half of the canopy having retracted within therear half, which is shown turned inside out;

FIG. 26 is a detail drawing, side view, of the point where the canvas isjoined to the frame;

FIG. 27 is the same cross-section view shown in FIG. 21, modified foruse with canvas.

The self-contained extensible canopy unit of the present invention, whenin retracted position, is enclosed Within a generally rectangular frame8 structure shown in some detail in FlGS. 11, 12. and 13. The frameincludes a lower wall 9 formed preferably of heavy gauge sheet metalframe members 10, forward side wall sections 11, a forward top wallsection 12 and a front wall section 13 having a lower edge 14 which isshaped to fit the upper contour of the innermost retractible canopysection. The entire front of the frame is retained in closed position bymeans of a cover 15 hinged at 16 to the lower front edge of the frameand a spring (not shown) retains the cover in closed vertical positionwhen the canopy sections are retracted.

The frame is received within an opening in the building, shown at 10,the opening being located just above the front door and extends inwardlyfrom the front wall a sufiicient distance to accommodate the full lengthof the frame. The building is shown as having a front entrance providedwith a door frame 20 and a revolving door 21.

The canopy includes a plurality of telescopic sections, two being shownalthough if the sidewalk is wider than usual three or more sections maybe used. Similarly, if the space requirements for the storage frame arelimited the canopy sections may be reduced in length and increased innumber. The roof of the canopy sections can be constructed of anysuitable lightweight metal or plastic sheeting or combinations ofmaterials which may be stamped, molded or otherwise shaped. If sheetmetal is used the several blanks may be welded together to form a rigidunit. The particular external shape of the roof sections of the canopycan be varied considerably to harmonize with the architecture of thebuilding. In the illustrated embodiment the outermost section 22includes inclined upper walls 23, a forward inclined wall 24, verticalside walls 25 and a front wall 26. The rear edge underlies the second orinner section 31 which includes inclined upper walls 32, vertical sidewalls 33 and an upstanding vertical flange 34 spaced from its inner endand which contacts the inner surface of front wall 13 of the frame,acting as a stop to limit outward movement of the inner canopy sectionand also forming a Weatherstrip member.

The canopy supporting structure includes a fixed beam secured to thelower wall 9 of the frame and one or more beams which are slidableoutwardly therefrom by means of cooperating trackways which keep themovable sections aligned with the fixed section and permit free slidingmovement of the former relative to the latter. The cross-sectionalcontour of the several beams shown in FIG. 8 is suggestive only of theprinciple of operation and is not offered in any limiting sense.

The beam structure illustrated includes a fixed beam 35 which is rigidlymounted centrally of the lower wall 9 of the frame, a first movable beam36 slidably mounted thereon, and a second movable beam 37 carried onbeam 36. Beam 35 includes a lower wall 41 and upper wall 42 having alongitudinal slot 43 and vertical walls 44 connecting the upper andlower walls. It further has a stop 45 for limiting inward movement ofthe first movable beam. The latter beam includes a generally C-shapedlower wall 46 having inwardly turned flanges 50 which receive theopposed edges of upper wall 42, which latter act as tracks.

Beam 36 further includes an upper wall 51 having inwardly turned flanges52 and vertical connecting walls 53. Upper and lower walls 51 and 46have longitudinal slots 54 and 55 respectively.

Beam 37 has a lower wall 56 whose opposed edges are received in flanges52, a central vertical wall 59 and an upper peaked wall 60 whose uppersurfaces are parallel with wall section 23 of outer canopy section 22which is supported thereby. The several beams may have roller bearingsor other means to facilitate their sliding movement. The means forrigidly securing the fixed beam to the frame may include bolts 61 whichpass through lower wall 41 of the beam and through lower wall 9 of theframe. Beam 35 has a pulley 62 journalled adjacent its forward end andbeam 36 has a pulley 63 adjacent its rear terminal and a pulley 64adjacent its front terminal. The beam further has a vertical stop 65 tolimit inward travel of beam 37. This stop also has a forwardly extendinghorizontal flange 66 to which the rear end of canopy section 31 may besecured. This flange may be considerably wider than shown in order toprovide additional lateral support to the roof section.

A cable drum 67 having a shaft 70 is journalled in bearings '71 at theinner end of frame 8 and has two separate cable sections, one forbeam-extending cable 72 and another for beam retracting cable 73.

Cable 72 extends from drum 67 outwardly and around pulley 62, aroundpulleys 63 and 64 and is fixed to beam 37 at 74. The cable passesthrough the slots in beams 35 and 36. Beam retracting cable 73 issecured to beam 37 at 75. The drum is driven by a reversible motor (notshown) or by a motor having reversing gears. It will be seen that ascable 72 is wound on its drum beams 36 and 37 move outwardly.

The outer canopy section 22 is provided with legs hinged at 81 (FIG. 15)to the forward end of the canopy section. These legs, when the canopyisto be retracted, are folded upwardly and are received in opening 82 in atransverse wall 83 secured at the inner end of the canopy section.Suitable means (not shown) are employed for securing the legs in suchposition. This outer section is further provided with side channels 84for water drainage purposes as shown in FIG. 13. Roof section 22 shouldhave a free sliding fit with reference to roof section 31 and in orderto prevent relative movement between the roof sections when in extendedposition, due to wind currents or otherwise, a thumb screw 88 may beturned to lock the parts together. The front section may be renderedmore rigid by the use of transverse reinforcing ribs 89.

Inner section is formed with upwardly inclined flanges 85 (FIG. 15)along its lower edges which receive the lower edges of side walls 25 ofthe outer section. If it is desired to provide weatherproofing meansbetween the upper walls of roof sections 22 and 31 a Weatherstrip 86 maybe secured to section 22 and another strip 87 to section 31.

No positive stop means are required to limit outward movement of theroof sections since sections 36 and 37 continues to move outwardly untilpulley 63 is immediately over pulley 62 at which time there is no moredriving action. On inward travel, cable 73 first draws beam 37 inwardlyuntil its inner end contacts stop 65 at which time both movable beamstravel conjointly until beam 36 contacts stop 35 at which time the threebeam sections are substantially vertically aligned in superimposedrelationship. The two roof sections enclosed completely within thehousing and door closes automatically due to the action of the spring.

In the modified arrangement shown in FIGS. 16, 17 and 18, the innermostbeam section 92 is secured to lower wall 93 of the frame 94 and theother beam sections 95 and 96 are movable outwardly. The frame issecured within an opening in the building 100, directly over the frontentrance. Beam sections 95 and 96 each have a pair of rack bars 101 and102, respectively secured on their lower walls.

Pinion 116 is keyed to shaft 117 journalled in beam section 92. Alsokeyed to this shaft is a cable drum 121 to which one end of cable 122 issecured. The cable passes over pulleys 123 and 124 journalled on thefixed beam and the opposite end of this cable is secured at 125 tooutermost beam 96.

Beam section 95 supports a second cable drum keyed to shaft 131, towhich there are also keyed pinions 132. The diameter of cable drum 136is one-half that of drum 121. A second cable 133 is secured at one endto ldrum 133 and at the other end is fixed at 134 to the lower earn.

Referring to FIG. 16 showing the beam sections in extended position itwill be seen that when force is applied to the shaft 117 of pinion 116causing it to rotate in a clockwise direction, beam section 15 will bemoved inwardly. Since the diameter of drum 121 is twice that of drum130, cable 122 moves outer beam section inwardly twice as fast as beamsection 95 is moved inwardly and since the former has twice the distanceto travel, the movable beam sections are fully retracted at the sameinstant. In travelling inwardly beam 96 rewinds cable 133 on drum 130.The extending action is similar. As beam section 95 moves forwardly, theunwinding of cable 133 causes pinion 132 to move in a counter-clockwisedirection, sending beam section 96 forward.

Although this type of construction permits the canopy to bemotor-operated, opportunity is used in FIGS. 17 and 18 to illustrate howthe canopy may be manually operated by means of a cranking device.Handle 106 is attached to beveled gear 103 in bearing 105 on the outerwall of the building. Gear 1113 engages another beveled gear 104 whichis attached to the lower end of shaft 110 which runs up to the frontcorner of the storage frame, which in this installation projects a fewinches from the building for easier installation of the cranking device.Beveled gear 112 attached to the top of the vertical shaft engages inbeveled gear 113 attached to the end of horizontal shaft 114. A pinion115 located at the other end of this shaft engages with pinion 116,transferring the cranking action to the moving beams of the canopy aspreviously described.

In the modified form of the invention shown in FIGS. 19 and 20 thebuilding 136 has a relatively long opening 137 extending inwardly fromthe front entrance and the base Wall 138 of the frame 139 receives andsupports a fixed beam section 1411 which provides trackways for asliding beam section 141. The sliding section has a canopy 142 andfolding supports 143 at the outer end of the canopy section. The beam isretracted by means of a cable 144, secured thereto at 145, and thiscable is received on one section of a two-section cable drum 146. Theother section of the drum supports cable 150, which passes around apulley 151, and the cable is secured at 152 to the movable beam section.Thus the canopy can be moved from the fully extended position of FIG. 19to the fully retracted position of FIG. 20 and when in the latterposition door 153 closes the opening as in the first embodiment of theinvention.

FIGS. 22 and 23 show the application of the invention to a situationwhere a relatively wide sidewalk is located at the front of the buildingand wherein more than two movable beam sections are required to span thesidewalk. In this instance the fixed section 154 is located within frame155 and the movable sections are shown at 156, 157 and 158. Again thesections are retracted by means of retracting cable 161, which isreceived on one position of cable drum 162, and a second cable 163passes around pulleys 164 and is secured to the outermost section at165. The structure is otherwise similar to the first embodiment of theinvention. The roof coverings for the several sections may be made ofcanvas stretched over light frame structures.

The structure illustrated in FIGS. 24 to 27 inclusive is largely similarto that shown in FIG. 19 in that it includes a single movable beam 171which is supported by fixed beam section 171 and which is drawn inwardlyby cable 172, carried on cable drum 173.

The specific construction of the covering for the canopy is differentfrom those shown earlier in that a frame 174 is secured to the outerhalf of the movable beam section and this frame is covered by canvas at175. The rear half of the canvas covering is flexible and is shown at176. Hinged arms 177 are secured at 178 to the flexible canopy sectionand a spring, not shown, urges the arms inwardly.

' These arms are hinged at 180 just inside the opening for the canopysection.

FIG. 24 shows the canopy section in fully extended position and when thecanopy is retracted to the position of FIG. 25, the flexible section 176is drawn inwardly as shown.

While five forms or embodiments of the invention have been shown anddescribed herein for illustrative purposes, and the construction andarrangements incidental to five specific applications thereof have beendisclosed and discussed in detail, it is to be understood that theinvention is limited neither to the mere details or relative arrangementof parts, nor to its specific embodiments shown herein, but thatextensive deviations from the illustrated forms or embodiments of theinvention may be made without departing from the principles thereof.

What I claim is:

1. A. retractible sidewalk canopy for a building having an opening aboveits entrance and extending inwardly therefrom, said canopy including aplurality of telescopic roof sections which nest, one within theadjacent roof section when the canopy is retracted, a frame securedwithin the building opening and having a front wall opening' throughwhich the roof sections move from a retracted position wherein the roofsections lie wholly within the frame to an extended position, a beamstructure for supporting the roof sections including a plurality ofvsuperimposed beam sections which are longitudinally slidable one to theother and which are provided with trackways and cooperating flangeswhich ride on the traclrways to permit said sliding movement whileretaining the beam sections in aligned relationship, the lowermost beamse tion being secured to the frame, and each roof section being securedto a movable beam section.

2. A retractible sidewalk canopy for a building having an opening aboveits entrance, said canopy includinga plurality of telescopic roofsections which nest, one within the adjacent roof section when thecanopy is retracted, a housing secured within the building opening andhaving a front wall opening through which the roof sections move fromextended to retracted positions, a hinged front door for said openingand a spring urging the door to closed position, a beam structure forsupporting the roof sections including a plurality of superimposed beamsections which are longitudinally slidable relative to each other andwhich are provided with cooperating trackways to permit said slidingmovement while retaining the beam sections in aligned relationship, onebeam section being fixed and being secured to the frame, and each roofsection being secured to a movable beam section.

3. A retractible sidewalk canopy for a building having an opening aboveits entrance and extending inwardly therefrom, said canopy including aplurality of telescopic roof sections which nest, one within theadjacent roof section when the canopy is retracted, a frame securedwithin the building opening, a beam structure for supporting the roofsections including a plurality of superimposed beam sections, which arelongitudinally slida'ble relative to each other and which are providedwith cooperating trackways to permit said sliding movement whileretaining the beam sections in aligned relationship, one of said beamsections being secured to the frame, each roof section being secured toa movable beam section, legs hinged at the outer end of the outermostroof section which are movable from a vertical, roof supporting positionto a horizontal folded position within the roof section.

4. A retractible sidewalk canopy for a building having an opening aboveits entrance and extending inwardly therefrom, said canopy including aroof section, a frame secured within the building opening and having afront wall opening through which the roof section moves from retractedto extended positions, a beam structure for supporting the roof sectionincluding a plurality of super-. imposed beam sections which arelongitudinally slidable one to the other and which are provided withcooperating traekways to permit said sliding movement while retainingthe beam sections in aligned relationship, one beamsection being securedto the frame, the outermost portion of each roof section being securedto a movable beam section and the innermost portion being flexible andbeing secured inside the front wall opening.

5. A retractible sidewalk canopy for a building having an opening aboveits entrance, said canopy including at least one roof section, a framesecured within the building opening and having a front wall openingthrough which the roof section moves from retracted to extendedpositions, a hinged closure for said opening and a spring urging thedoor to closed position, an extensible beam for sup porting the roofsection including a plurality of beam sections which are longitudinallyslidable one to the other and which are provided with cooperatingtrackways to permit said sliding movement while retaining the beamsections in aligned relationship, stop means limiting inward and outwardmovement of a movable beam section, one beam section being secured tothe frame, and the roof section being secured to said movable beamsection.

6. A retractible sidewalk canopy for a building having an opening aboveits entrance, said canopy including a plurality of roof sections, aframe secured within the building opening and having a front wallopening through which the roof sections move from retracted to extendedpositions, a beam structure for supporting the roof sections including aplurality of superimposed beam sections which are longitudinallyslidable one relative to the other and which are provided withcooperating trackways to permit said sliding movement while retainingthe beam sections in aligned relationship, the beam sections includingan inner section, at least one intermediate section and an outersection, the inner beam section being secured to the frame, each roofsection being secured to a movable beam section, pulleys at the outerends of the inner and the intermediate sections and at the inner end ofthe intermediate section, a cable anchored at the inner end of the outersection and passing around the pulleys, and means for drawing theopposite end of the cable inwardly to move the beam sections outwardly.

7. The combination with a building having an opening above its entranceand extending inwardly therefrom, of means for providing overheadcoverage of suflicient width to afford protection for a plurality ofpersons passing from the building entrance to a point near the adjacentcurb, and an extensible beam structure constructed and arranged tosupport the means for overhead coverage at suitable height and move italternately forward and backward in a substantially horizontal plane,said beam structure including a plurality of beam sections which arelongitudinally slidable, one relative to the other, and

-Which are provided with complemental trackways to permit said slidingmovement while retaining the beam sections in aligned relationship, onebeam section being rigidly secured within the building, and at least oneof said beam sections being longitudinally slidable relative to therigid beam section.

8. A retractible sidewalk canopy including a means for providingoverhead coverage of sufficient width to afford protection for aplurality of persons passing from the building entrance to a point nearthe adjacent curb, a separate frame into which the overhead coveragewholly moves when the canopy is retracted, said frame cooperating withthe overhead coverage to provide protection from the elements, and abeam structure for supporting the overhead coverage and moving italternately forward and backward in a substantially horizontal plane,said beam structure including a plurality of superimposed beam sectionswhich are longitudinally slidable, one relative to the other, and whichare provided with complemental trackways to permit said sliding movementwhile retaining the beam members in aligned relationship, one beamsection being secured to the frame and the overhead coverage beingsecured to a movable beam section.

9. A retractible sidewalk canopy for a building having an opening aboveits entrance and extending inwardly therefrom, said canopy includingmeans for providing overhead coverage of suflicient width to affordprotection for a plurality of persons passing from the building entranceto a point near the adjacent curb, a separate frame secured within thebuilding opening and constructed and arranged to cooperate with themeans for overhead coverage to provide protection from the elements,said frame having a front wall opening through which the overheadcoverage moves from a retracted position wherein the overhead coveragelies wholly within the frame, to an extended position, and a beamstructure for supporting the overhead structure at a suitable height andmoving it alternately forward and backward in a substantially horizontalplane, said beam structure including a plurality of superimposed beamsections which are longitudinally slidable one to the other and whichare provided with trackways and cooperating flanges which ride on thetrackways to permit said sliding movement while retaining the beamsections in aligned relationship, the lowermost beam section beingsecured to the frame, and the overhead coverage being secured to amovable beam section.

10. A retractible sidewalk canopy including means for providing overheadcoverage of sufiicient width to afford protection for a plurality ofpersons passing from the building entrance to a point near the adjacentcurb, said means comprising a plurality of telescopic roof sectionswhich nest, one within the adjacent roof section when the canopy isretracted, a separate frame within which the roof sections wholly movewhen the canopy is retracted, said frame being constructed and arrangedto cooperate With the roof sections to provide protection from theelements, and a beam structure for supporting the roof sections andmoving them alternately forward and backward in a substantiallyhorizontal plane, said beam structure including a plurality ofsuperimposed beam sections which are longitudinally slidable onerelative to the other and which are provided with complemental trackwaysto permit said sliding movement while retaining the beam members inaligned relationship, one beam section being secured to the frame andeach roof section being secured to a movable beam section.

11. A retractible sidewalk canopy including a plurality of telescopicroof sections, which nest, one within the adjacent roof section when thecanopy is retracted, a housing having a front wall opening through whichthe roof sections move from retracted to extended positions, a beamstructure for supporting the roof sections including a plurality ofsuperimposed beam sections which are longitudinally slidable one to theother and which are provided with cooperating trackways to permit saidsliding movement while retaining the beam sections in alignedrelationship, one beam section being secured to the frame, while theremaining beam sections are slidable relative thereto, each roof sectionbeing secured to one of said movable beam sections, a beam retractingcable and a beam extending cable, both secured to the outermost beamsection, pulleys on the beam section lying inside the outer beam sectionand around which the latter cable passes. and a rotatable drum for thecables.

- References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS405,475 Hohorst June 18, 1889 405,549 Greenwald June 18, 1889 758,016Mudd Apr. 19, 1904 1,796,564 Firguson Mar. 17, 1931 2,001,224 Tames May14, 1935 2,205,015 Lowry et a1. June 18, 1940 2,423,402 Olsen July 1,1947 FOREIGN PATENTS 411,223 Great Britain June 7, 1934 482,911 GreatBritain Apr. 7, 1938

